Biography of Enrico Dandolo, Doge of Venice

Biography of Enrico Dandolo, Doge of Venice Enrico Dandolo was known for funding, organizing, and leading the forces of the Fourth Crusade, who never reached the Holy Land but instead captured Constantinople. He is also famous for taking the title of Doge at a very advanced age. Occupations DogeMilitary Leader Places of Residence and Influence Venice, ItalyByzantium (Eastern Roman Empire) Important Dates Born: c. 1107Elected Doge: June 1, 1192Died: 1205 About Enrico Dandolo The Dandolo family was wealthy and powerful, and Enricos father, Vitale, had held several high administrative positions in Venice. Because he was a member of this influential clan, Enrico was able to secure a position in the government himself with little difficulty, and eventually, he was entrusted with many important missions for Venice. This included a trip to Constantinople in 1171 with the doge at that time, Vitale II Michiel, and another a year later with the Byzantine ambassador. On the latter expedition, so diligently did Enrico protect the interests of the Venetians that it was rumored the Byzantine emperor, Manuel I Comnenus, had him blinded. However, although Enrico suffered from poor vision, the chronicler Geoffroi de Villehardouin, who knew Dandolo personally, attributes this condition to a blow to the head. Enrico Dandolo also served as Venices ambassador to the King of Sicily in 1174 and to Ferrara in 1191. With such prestigious accomplishments in his career, Dandolo was considered an excellent candidate as the next doge even though he was quite elderly. When Orio Mastropiero stepped down in order to retire to a monastery, Enrico Dandolo was elected Doge of Venice on June 1, 1192. He was believed to be at least 84 years of age at the time. Enrico Dandolo Rules Venice As doge, Dandolo worked tirelessly to increase the prestige and influence of Venice. He negotiated treaties with Verona, Treviso, the Byzantine Empire, the Patriarch of Aquileia, the King of Armenia and the Holy Roman Emperor, Philip of Swabia. He fought a war against the Pisans and won. He also reorganized Venices currency, issuing a new, large silver coin known as the grosso or matapan that bore his own image. His changes to the monetary system were the beginning of an extensive economic policy designed to increase trade, most especially with lands to the east. Dandolo also took a keen interest in the Venetian legal system. In one of his earliest official acts as ruler of Venice, he swore the â€Å"ducal promise,† an oath that specifically laid out all of the duties of the doge, as well as his rights. The grosso coin depicts him holding this promise. Dandolo also published Venices first collection of civil statutes and revised the penal code. These achievements alone would have earned Enrico Dandolo an honorable place in the history of Venice, but he would earn fame or infamy from one of the strangest episodes in Venetian history. Enrico Dandolo and the Fourth Crusade The idea of sending troops to the Eastern Roman Empire instead of to the Holy Land did not originate in Venice, but it is fair to say that the Fourth Crusade would not have turned out as it did were it not for the efforts of Enrico Dandolo. The organization of transportation for the French troops, the funding of the expedition in exchange for their help in taking Zara, and the persuading of the crusaders in helping the Venetians take Constantinople all of this was Dandolos work. He was also physically in the forefront of events, standing armed and armored in the bow of his galley, encouraging the attackers as they made their landing at Constantinople. He was well past 90 years old. After Dandolo and his forces succeeded in capturing Constantinople, he took the title lord of the fourth part and a half of the whole empire of Romania for himself and for all the doges of Venice thereafter. The title corresponded to how the spoils of the Eastern Roman Empire (Romania) were then divided as a consequence of the conquest. The doge remained in the capital city of the empire to oversee the new Latin government and to look out for Venetian interests. In 1205, Enrico Dandolo died in Constantinople at the age of 98. He was entombed in the Hagia Sophia. Resources and Further Reading Madden, Thomas F.  Enrico Dandolo the Rise of Venice. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2011.Brà ©hier, Louis.  Enrico Dandolo.  The Catholic Encyclopedia.  Vol. 4.  New York: Robert Appleton Company,  1908.

Essay on Government Borrowing Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On Government Borrowing - Essay Example The government borrows majorly through issuing treasury bills, Canada Savings Bonds, and marketable bonds in domestic and foreign markets. The Financial Administration Act dictates that Governor in Council has the mandate to authorize the Minister to borrow money on behalf of Her Majesty in the right of Canada. The government borrowing has been too high and the interest is very low. The government Canada reported a net debt of approximately $ 616.9 billion in the fiscal year 2010-11. This was a rise by $ 34.4 billion from 2009-10. Canada’s total government net debt-to-GDP ratio hit 30.4 per cent in the year 2010 (Department of Finance of Canada, 2012). This paper will explore the issue of high government borrowing and low interest rates. It will give economic measures to tackle the problem in Canada. The level of government borrowing is crucial ingredient of fiscal policy and management of aggregate demand in any economy. When an individual government runs a budget deficit, it implies that in that fiscal year, total government spending exceeds total tax revenue. When a government experiences a deficit in its budget estimates, it has to borrow in order to bridge the gap. This forces the government to issue its debt as Treasury Bills and long-term government bonds through central bank. The negative effects of Canadian government’s high borrowing are duplicated in the in the financial statements of the country. In the 31 March 2011, the Department of Finance of Canada announced that interest-bearing debt was $ 801.8 billion. This was an increase by $ 39.0 billion from the year 2010. Similarly, the un-matured debt was higher by 32.0 Canadian dollars. In addition, liabilities for pension and other benefits for employees went higher by 7.3 billion Canadian dollars. Increase in government borrowing through issuing of bonds such as treasury bills and securities to pay interest in fixed period or indefinitely (Department of Finance of Canada, 2012). Canada has not registered positive results fiscal stimulus. The economic stimulus seems it is not effective. The government borrowing has led to low interest rates making government run a budget deficit. In addition, fiscal stimulus has demonstrated inflationary effects that results from high demand. Fiscal stimulus entails the proposition that through borrowing money and spending it, the government can raise the state of economy. This is through raising inputs and lowering the numbers of jobless. Fiscal stimulus can increase aggregate demand. Theoretically, printing money can be a form of fiscal stimulus. This is because money counts as a transfer payment. People will have a lot of money because of increased printing. However, in practice people do not just keep many dollars of their extra cash. People will spend the extra amount of money creating demand for services and goods. The increased aggregate demand leads to inflation. This is the state bedeviling Canada. The high borrowing of g overnment seems to create problems rather than to develop economy in Canada. When the government borrows money from private sector this corresponds to increase in spending on its part. However, government borrowing limits the spending of private sector. This therefore implies that job opportunities, which fiscal stimulus seeks to created are offset through decline in private spending. Canada is grappling with the same situation. Too much borrowing seems to impair the

Police Ethical Conduct Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Police Ethical Conduct - Research Paper Example The ethical codes of conduct of the police or the law enforcement officers have a significant role to play in the work of the police. One of the primary reasons requiring such ethical code is that the public, in general, would not accept a police department that is corrupted. The concept of ethics in this regard is associated with corruption, failure to act, gifts, and gratuities. In the recent times, in several countries including the United States, the corruption levels of the police officers have increased to great extents. Such corruption examples include officers not acting on criminal activities, acceptance of bribes, providing information that may put at risk an enquiry to issues or suspects of the investigation, involvement in the mission of a crime, making complaints that are fake and initiating actions by the court, failure to bear witness precisely, and forgery of police reports or official declarations for search or arrest warrants (Stering, 2004, p.37). The need for ethi cal police conduct is essential since if one police officer gets corrupted, it has a significant effect on other officers as well. In general, the public has a belief that the police are involved in corrupt activities and that they try to protect each other in their personal interests. However, police officers have been found to be proud of their profession and they tend to have values for the integrity and respect that are associated with their work. Generally, they try to perform their activities professionally and without being involved in corruption, such involvements meaning exception (Stering, 2004, p.37). The present study thus focuses on the ethical codes of conduct of the police officers also discussing the causes behind officers undertaking unethical decisions. Police Ethical Code of Conduct: The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics was in the beginning considered as an oath of a police officer rather than as an established code of ethics. However, there was an aspiration of hav ing an oath of office that could be used for graduation ceremonies. This desire led to the creation of a separate code of ethics and conduct for the law enforcement officers and the police.

Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis (CWP) Research Plan

Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis (CWP) Research Plan MOHAMMAD FAISAL Collection of Data A.1. What were the objectives of the study? What was the association of interest? The objectives of the study were to examine the association of the prevalence of coal workers pneumoconiosis (CWP) in the USA and different contributing factors such as level of dust exposure, mine size, low seam mining and other factors. Also the regional differences in CWP were compared. The association of interest is between CWP and various contributing factors and also between different MSHA district regions. It was a cross-sectional study. A.2. What was the primary outcome (usually a disease, health condition, or other dependent variable) of interest? Briefly explain how the outcome was measured. The primary outcomes were observed and predicted prevalence in CWP prevalence in miners who participated in this study. Attfield and Morring Exposure response model was utilized to measure the predicted prevalence in CWP and the Chi-square test was used to compare the predicted and observed prevalences in CWP in miners. Radiographs were used to determine the presence of lung parenchymal abnormalities that are consistent with pneumoconiosis obtained from CWHSP. A.3. What was the primary exposure (actual exposure such as chemical, other risk factor, or other independent variable) of interest? Briefly explain how exposure was measured. The primary exposures were level of dust exposure concentration, mine size, tenure, seam height. These data were collected from CWHSP, approved by the NIOSH Human Subjects Review Board. Coal mine dust concentration and seam height data were obtained from MSIS. A.4. What type of study was conducted (study design)? This was a cross sectional study, which was done with a large number of participants from survey data. A.5. Describe the process of subject selection.   Define the source population for this study, if possible. The study participants were 12,408 underground coal miners from the MSHA districts. Participation in this CWHSP study were voluntary and study participants were 16 years and older. Due to small number of participants and different type of coal type (anthracite rather than bituminous), MSHA district 1 participants were excluded. The source population was all the underground coal miners in MSHA districts in USA. A.6. Selection bias: What are possible sources in this study? Examples: in a case-control study, how were the study subjects included? In a cohort study, is there loss to follow-up?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The study participants (underground coal miners) in this CWHSP study were stratified by MSHA districts. Since stratified analyses are important in this study, the probability of being selected in a specific stratum might be different from another stratum and thus a selection bias might have happened. A.7. Information bias: What are some of the sources of information (measurement) error, for either the exposure or outcome measurement? Are these differential with respect to the exposure or outcome of interest? For exposure measurement, the investigators analyzed the self reported tenure in mining to derive the cumulative exposures. Also current exposures were examined for CWP which may not establish temporal relationship due to lack of allowance for lag time. A.8. Confounding: Did the authors consider potential confounders in the design of the study? The authors considered the following confounders: miner age and coal rank because the effect of respirable coal mine dust can be modified by the rank of the coal.   Ã‚  Ã‚   B. Analysis of Data B.1. What methods were used to control confounding? Were these sufficient (as far as you can tell)? As mentioned in the report the investigators incorporated all of the above mentioned covariates in their exposure-response statistical models to control for confounding. No detailed description is found about controlling the confounders. B.2. What measure of association (e.g. odds ratio, risk ratio, rate difference, etc.) was reported in the study? Was this appropriate? The authors reported the prevalence of the CWP and prevalence ratio between different MSHA district regions in this study. Since this is a survey based study, prevalence ratio is appropriate. B.3. How was the uncertainty of the measure of association (effect of random error or statistical significance) reported in this study? Are the conclusions of the study consistent with the uncertainty of the measure of association? The authors did not report 95% confidence intervals to report the uncertainty of the measure. However they reported the range of measured dust concentration level, worked hours per miners and tenure median. The prevalence ratio was statistically significant (p

My Teaching Philosophy Statement Essay -- Education Teaching Teachers

My Teaching Philosophy Statement Education is defined as the lifelong process of acquiring knowledge, skills, and values through either formal means, such as schooling, or informal means, such as firsthand experiences or vicarious experiences gained through reading books or discussions. Every person that is or wants to be a teacher has his or her own educational philosophy. We all have our own views, methods, and curriculum that we were taught when growing up. A lot of people may have the same teachers in school, but all of them learn different things from that teacher. As of right now, wanting to be a teacher, I do not have a set philosophy. I do know that I want to teach physical education. Physical education, I think, is a very important part of a student’s curriculum. This helps the students to be more active and to learn about how to keep their body healthy and fit. I think that younger kids should have physical education class every other day or maybe even just two days a week. Older kids should only have physical education class one or two times a week because most of them have a lot of energy when it comes to doing active things. When it is time for them to leave and go back to their classroom they do not want to go. They would rather stay and play. Most people would disagree with me here but if you think about it, this way is better. All kids, young and old, get tired from physical activity. Younger kids you want to be tired, that way they will not be hyper in the classroom and run around causing trouble. Older kids, on the other hand, will try and sleep through class if they get tired. Unlike younger children, they know that they can try to sleep a little bit before getting c... ...before they take a quiz or something, but down the road, a couple of months later if you give them a pop quiz they probably cannot remember even half of the information. I know that this is true because I used to do this on the day that I would have a Spanish vocabulary quiz. I would sit in my first period class and try and memorize all of the words in the chapter. Most of the time it worked and I got good grades on my quizzes. Being a teacher, I think, is one of the best professions that a person can go into if they really love kids. People will say to you do not be a teacher because that is the worst job in the world. They are wrong. If they want to sit at a desk all day and do the same things day after day, then go right on ahead because I would rather be the one to try and put the children of our country on the right path to success.

Willy Russell’s Blood Brothers is one of the most popular plays currently running in London’s West end

* From reading the play why do you think it's so popular? * What dramatic devices and theatrical techniques does he use that make it such an enjoyable show? Going to the theatre is different from reading a book because in the theatre the play is live. In the theatre you can see emotion on the actor's faces, there's also the music and the lightings, and you can see the body expression of the actors and their reactions. In a book you have to use your imagination and you can be wrong in some points. There is nothing like going to the theatre; it's a unique experience because you have to share the pay with the rest of the audience it's like at home when you're sitting on a sofa. In a theatre the atmosphere is different because of the lighting effects and the music but also because of the rest of the audience with who you share a play but also feelings and emotions. In the theatre you can empathise with the characters. I think that going to the theatre is a really unique experience because sitting with a lot of people and to have a same feeling and a same emotion; it's a bit funny but also exciting. Blood Brother is about twins who are separate at birth. They grew up at friends and they didn't know that they're brothers until the day of their death. This play is a musical and a black comedy, it's not just a comedy it's also a tragedy as well, and this is what we call a tragic-comedy. This play is an enjoyable and interesting show because Willy Russell talks about classes, friendship, growth, love. In this play, my favourite characters are Eddie and Linda. I like them because Linda represent the feminism, by that I mean that in the play she's changing, she's becoming a women and the audience can follow her in her growth: â€Å"I've got mud all over me shoes†. She acts like a teenage girl not like a young girl like she used to be. I empathise with Linda because it's like seeing me growing except for the children that she's going to have! And Eddie because he's really posh and doesn't know anything: † Eddie: Why? Mickey: Because if Sammy gives us a sweet he's actually weed on it first. Eddie: It sounds like super fun† He sounds stupid but hopefully Linda and Mickey are there for him. Willy Russell can create tension on stage by using the lighting effects which go with the emotions. E.g.: When it's a tense scene the lights go red. He can create atmosphere and mood by using lights but also with what the narrator is saying: â€Å"So did you ever hear the tale of the Jonhston twins†¦Bring on the mother let the story begin†. His language helps to create an atmosphere; it's usually dark and sinister: â€Å"The Devil's in the backyard, he can see†¦No you won't, no you'll never get away from him†. Willy Russell makes the audience involved by using dramatic irony which occrus when the audience is given information which the characters do not have, like at the very beginning of the scene when the audience know about the twin's separation but the twins don't know. Another example of dramatic irony is when Eddie gives a job to Mickey but Mickey doesn't know about it that make the audience feels afraid he will findout because we know he'll be angry. One of the dramatic moment is when Eddie came back from University, he's rich and doesn't know about working to feed a family, on the contrary Mickey has to work for Linda and him, he's poor and his wife is pregnant. But Eddie doesn't understand why it's so important for Mickey to work, because he has already got what he wants, he would be staring at Mickey with an innocent face and talk with a posh voice: † Eddie: Why is a job so important? If I couldn't get a job I'd just say ‘sod it' and draw the dole, like a bohemian, tilt my hat to the world and say ‘screw you'. So you're not working. Why is it so important?†. The other dramatic moment is when Eddie is talking with Mrs Johnston I think that there's lot of emotion in that scene because the audience is surprised and then happy because Mrs Johnston and her son Eddie are finally together, even if it's not for a long time. I think that it's really touching because Mrs Johnston let him act like her child and don't try to make him go away: â€Å"She takes him, cradles him to her, letting him cry†. The most touching moment in that play in my opinion, is when Eddie comes to Mrs Johnston's house to tell Mickeythat he's going to move. I think that in this scene there's lot of feelings, because that 7 years old boy coming to say bye to his Blood Brother, but also the way Mrs Johnston reacts is amazing and natural, the audience can feel that even if her son is not next to her day after day, she still loves him a lot. She talks to him, and she tries to keep both of her twins safe. In this play, Willy Russell is talking about ordinary people from Britain, is trying to show that adolescent grow all differently with different past, present and future. Our future is different because of our education, parents money but also friendship and love. He explores the superstiton with Mrs Johnston, the mother who is in this play a superstitious person: â€Å"Oh God. Never put new shoes on a table, Mrs Lyons. You never know what'll happen.†. He also thinks that the British system class is unfair because if you pay attention to the kids even if they come from diffenrent classes they play together because kids are just kids Mickey is not really old but he is working really hard to have a house, to grow his kids and have a decent life, while Eddie has got his dad's job at the factory whitout doing anything. This is how money and classes can make people's life change. He thinks that superstition isn't a good thing, he plays with the fact that Mrs Johnston is superstitious. Mickey represents the working class and Eddie represents the Upper Middle Class. And when Mickey is holding a gun, ready to shot Eddie it's like a threat to the Upper Middle Classpeople. And when Eddie gave a job to Mickey is to prove how the Upper Middle Class is influential: † Linda: Oh. Are you? The Chairman? Eddie: Nodding, laughing You look very funny sitting there you know. Don't you think you'd better come into my office? He offers his hand, she takes it, gets up nad follows him Now what's the problem? They enter an ‘office' Eddie reaplacing telephone Now? Where's the problem? You can move in next week. Smiles Linda: Eddie. Thanks! Eddie, we've been trying to get moved for five years. You fix it up in five minutes! Eddie: Exctly. You should have asked me earlier.† One of the moment who made me think is when Mickey is talking about growing: † Mickey: NO! I don't wantyour money. Stuff it. Mickey watches as Eddie turns and picks up the notes Eddie standing and looking at him Eddie, do me a favour will you? Piss off. Eddie: Pause I thought†¦ I thought we always stuck together. I thought we were†¦ blood brothers. Mickey: That was kids' stuff, Eddie, didn't anyone tell you? Pause Mickey looking at him. An ironic snort But I suppose you still are a kid aren't you? Eddie: I'm exactly the same age as you. Mickey: Yeh. But you're still a kid. I wish I could still be that as well, Eddie†¦ and believe in all that bloddbrother stuff. But I cant. Because while no one was looking, I grew up. And you didn't. Because you didn't need to. I don't blame you for it Eddie. If I was in your shoes I'd be the sae. But I'm these shoes, looking at you. And you make me sick! Right? That was all just kids' stuff, Eddie, and I don't want to be reminded of it. Right? So just, take yourself away. Go and see your friends and celebrate with them. Pause Go on†¦ beat it before I hit you. Eddie looks and then slowly backs away† He communivates his feelings and this is why it's so moving and an important moment. Then there's the music which add the background atmosphere. I think that this play is the best I've ever read, everyone can read it and even if your learning English it's quite easy. This play explores life, the reason why this play is fantastic it's becase it's talking about everything. This play is engaging but aso really interesting, there's always something hapening and the characters are all nice in their own way. There's also a politic idea in that play, because the boys life are totally different and you can see it by the way they're growing. We can find loads of emotions. Willy Russell uses humour by what the characters are saying, he puts two grown men dressed inchildren's clothes to play the role of 7 years old kids which are playing cowboys and indians. This play is very impressive, fun and pleasing. I really liked it and fully understand why it's such a sucess on the London stage.

Essay on Ford and Flexible Manufacturing - 1093 Words

The automotive industry is a highly competitive market where brand loyalty is only as strong as the latest gizmo and horsepower upgrade. The automotive assembly process, perfected by Henry Ford, was based on the simple principle that â€Å"customers can order a Model T in any color they wanted as long as it was black.† After the 1920’s the market witnessed new entrants with unheard of automobile features that ended Ford’s golden age. New automakers such as Buick, Chrysler, and Oldsmobile offered customers varying colors and styles that propelled sales. The automotive industry has grown in the United States from 4192 automobiles on the road in 1900 to 204 million in 2003. In an effort to regain brand loyalty Ford has embarked on an ambitious†¦show more content†¦Corps pieces of equipment such as robotics, painting technologies, and welding systems must work in simultaneously and synchronously. At the Ford motor plant the process of manufacturing a F-150 b egins with metal pallets with an RF tag that contains all the specification of the truck. If the machines making the truck detect an error conflicting with the FR tag the assembly process stops and a worker is called to resolve the issue. If the plant manager gets the word to halt production and begin making a different vehicle because of shifting customer demand only 20 percent of the hardware and software have to be replaced. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of the unexpected benefits Ford has encountered is a 25 percent drop in fasteners and other components needed to make automobiles. Moreover, Flexible manufacturing has had a major increase in parts stock levels. Suppliers receive six days worth of orders from Ford via satellite to ensure that suppliers know what will be assembled in the near future and they know what sequence order each truck will be made in ensuring the right parts arrive on time. 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